| |
Stainless Steel |
| UNS |
S30100 (11) |
S30200 (12) |
S30400 (13) |
S30500 (14) |
S31000 (15) |
S31600 (16) |
S32100 (17) |
S43000 (18) |
| |
16-18 Cr, 6-8 Ni
.15 max C, bal Fe |
17-19 Cr 8-10 Ni
.15 max C, bal Fe |
18-20 Cr, 8-12 Ni
.08 max C, bal Fe |
17-19 Cr, 10-13 Ni
.12 max C, bal Fe |
24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni
.25 max C, bal Fe |
16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni
2-3 Mo, .08 C, bal Fe |
17-19 Cr, 9-12 Ni
4 Ti, .08 C, bal Fe |
14-18 Cr
.12 max C, bal Fe |
| Density (1) |
.285 |
.284 |
.290 |
.290 |
.290 |
.290 |
.290 |
.278 |
| Mod.of Elast. (2) |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
29 |
28 |
28 |
29 |
| Elect.Cond. (3) |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
| Thermal Cond. (4) |
9.4 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
8.2 |
9.4 |
9.3 |
15.1 |
Coefficient of
Therm Expan. (5) |
9.5 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
9.0 |
9.0 |
9.5 |
6.1 |
| Cost Factor (6) |
.83 |
.86 |
.86 |
.98 |
1.46 |
1.11 |
1.01 |
.80 |
Annealed
UTS * (7)
YS * (8)
EL * (9)
HV * (10) |
S30100
110 nom
40 nom
60 nom
170 nom |
S30200
90 nom
40 nom
50 nom
170 nom |
S30400
84 nom
42 nom
55 nom
150 nom |
S30500
85 nom
38 nom
55 nom
160 nom |
S31000
95 nom
45 nom
45 nom
170 nom |
S31600
84 nom
42 nom
50 nom
150 nom |
S32100
90 nom
35 nom
45 nom
150 nom |
S43000
65-80
40-60
18-30
144-176 |
1/4 Hard
UTS
YS
EL
HV |
S30100
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S30200
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S30400
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S30500
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S31000
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S31600
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S32100
125 min
75 min
25 min
250 nom |
S43000
78-90
60-78
6-19
172-205 |
1/2 Hard
UTS
YS
EL
HV |
S30100
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S30200
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S30400
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S30500
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S31000
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S31600
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S32100
150 min
110 min
15 min
300 nom |
S43000
90-100
76-92
3-7
205-228 |
3/4 Hard
UTS
YS
EL
HV |
S30100
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S30200
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S30400
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S30500
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S31000
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S31600
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S32100
175 min
135 min
10 min
350 nom |
S43000
98-110
90-103
1-7
222-242 |
Hard
UTS
YS
EL
HV |
S30100
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S30200
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S30400
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S30500
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S31000
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S31600
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S32100
185 min
140 min
8 min
390 nom |
S43000
107-115
100-110
1-2
228-246 |
| Unlike the copper industry where temper designations define the processing of the alloy with predictable mechanical properties, stainless steel convention sets general property guidelines. Due to the strong influence of chemistry variation and the many processing variables, designers should simply specify the required temper properties.
|
| (11) | The lower chromium and nickel content gives 301 the highest work hardening rate of all austenitic grades. This provides maximum ductility at high strength levels. The increased strength of 301 results from a partial martensitic transformation during cold working. This transformation is influenced by many factors, therefore requiring special attention during processing to attain reproducible properties. A designer is wise to stay with the more stable austenitic grades such as 302 or 304 when possible to avoide the additional processing costs. |
| (12) | 302 is the general purpose austenitic stainless steel, popularly called 18-8. It has excellent corrosion resistance, very high strength and good ductility. |
| (13) | 304 is the low carbon version of 302 providing similar properties except for slightly lower strength. The lower carbon content makes the alloy less susceptible to carbide precipitation during welding and therefore less susceptible to subsequent intergranular corrosion. The 304L alloy (S30403) contains even less carbon (.03 max.). |
| (14) | The higher nickel content of 305 gives this grade a decreased work hardening rate. This makes it particularly suitable for severe cold forming or drawing. 305 is the least magnetic of the 300 series alloys. |
| (15) | The very high chromium and nickel content of 310 provides improved high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. |
| (16) | This molybdenum-bearing 316 stainless steel has improved resistance to corrosion, in particular, resistance to pitting by solutions containing chlorine. |
| (17) | 321 is a basic 18-8 stainless steel with a titanium addition to prevent intergranular corrosion. Stainless steels can undergo sensitization when heated in the range of 850°-1600°F. This is due to the formation of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries, leaving the adjacent matrix chromium depleted. The titanium addition with the 321 grade eliminates this harmful precipitation. |
| (18) | 430 is a general purpose ferritic stainless steel with good corrosion resistance. Compared with the austenitic (300 series) grades, this alloy has much lower strength. The lower work hardening rate allows easy forming and drawing. The lower annealing temperature is an important consideration with some low melting clad inlays. |
